Keywords
Age
Otolith
B. bayad
S. schall
River Galma
Otolith
B. bayad
S. schall
River Galma
Abstract
The study investigated the age structures of Bagrus bayad and Synodontis schall from River Galma, Kaduna, Nigeria, to obtain baseline information for sustainable Management of the fisheries resource of the river. Seventy-two (72) female Bagrus bayad (16.45±1.07g-55.23±8.21g weight and 09.65±0.53cm-13.40±0.52cm length) and eighty-seven (87) male B. bayad (11.21±2.08g-38.05±6.09g weight and 08.30±0.34cm-12.09±0.43cm length), making a total of 159 fish. While 72 females of Synodontis schall (7.09±2.11- 49.40±3.60g weight and 6.54±1.32-12.33±0.29cm length) as well as 91 males of S. schall (18.43±3.01-45.80±4.00g weight and 7.21±14-11.98±0.30cm length making a total of 164 fish, were collected from River Galma over 6 months. Otoliths were harvested from the fish by making a transverse cut from the top of the head through the pre-opercula using sharp blades, and the Sagitta was obtained. Otoliths were cleaned of the macula, otolithic membrane, and vestibule. The otoliths were preserved in ethanol and further cleared in 100% glycerine for 7 days. The cleaned otoliths were mounted on glass slides, and annuli rings were read whole using a binocular microscope. The relationship between standard length and age was determined. The result of the otoliths' microstructural examination revealed 0-3+ year groups for B. bayad and 0-2+ year groups for S. schall. There was a positive correlation between age and fish standard length. Bagrus bayad and S. schall in the river Galma are below the maximum life span of nine and six years reported for these species. Thus, they require regulation of catch sizes to ensure maximum sustainable yield.
References
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Daget J., Gosse J.P. & Thys Van den Audeaerde (1986). Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Africa. Vol. II (9-10), 144-145.
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El-Kasheif, M. A., Authman, M.M.N. & Ibrahim, S. (2012). Environmental Studies on Synodontis schall (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) (Pisces: Siluriformes: Mochokidae) in The River Nile at Gizza Sector, Egypt: Biological Aspects and Population Dynamics. Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Science, 7(2), 104-133. DOI:10.3923/jfas.2012.104.133.
El-Kasheif, M.A., Authman, M.M.N., & Ibrahim, S.A. (2012). Environmental Studies on Synodontis schall (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) (Pisces:Siluriformes: Mochokidae) In the River Nile at Gizza Sector, Egypt: Biological Aspects and Population Dynamics. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 7: 104-133.
Fagade, S.O. (1974). Age Determination in Tilapia Melanotheron (Ruppell) in the Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria, with a Discussion of the Environmental and Physiological Basis of Growth Markings in the Tropics. In: Ageing of Fish (Ed. T.B. Bagenal). Unwin Brothers, England, 1974, pp. 71-77.
Field, I.C., Meekan, M.G. & Bradshaw, C.J.A. (2009). Development of Non-lethal Methods for Determining Age and Habitat use of Sawfishes from Northern Australia. Australian Department of Environment and Energy (Final report), pp. 7-18.
Gado, Z. M. (1999). Fish Population Dynamics and Fish Heavy Metal Interaction in the Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands, Northeastern Nigeria. Ph.D. Thesis, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
Goeman, T.J., Helms, D.R. & Heidinger, R.C. (1984). Comparison of Otolith and Scale in Age Determination for Freshwater Drum from the Mississippi River. Proceedings of IOWA Academy of Science, 91(2), 49-51.
Green, B. S., Bruce D. M., Gary C. & Gavin A. B. (2009). In Tropical Fish Otoliths: Information for Assessment, Management and Ecology, Reviews: Methods and Technologies in Fish Biology and Fisheries. (Green, B.S. Ed.) 11: 296-301.
Helffman, G., Collette, B.B., Facey, D.E., & Bowen, B.W. (2009). The Diversity of Fishes: Biology, Evolution, and Ecology, 24 Oxford. Willy Blackwell UK. 04-09.
Hoyer M.V., Shireman J.V., & Maceina M.J. (1985). Use of Otolith to Determine Age and Growth of Largemouth Bass in Florida. In Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 114:307-309.
Idodo-Umeh, G. (2003). Freshwater Fishes of Nigeria (Taxonomy, Ecological Notes, Diet and Utilization). Idodo-Umeh Publishers Ltd. Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria, pp. 11-218.
Jauro, I. A. & Yaneh, N. R. (2016). Use of Eye Lens Diameter as Age Indicator of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) and Red Belly Tilapia (Tilapia zillii). Nigerian Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture 4(1), 9-13.
Jawad, L. A. (2004). A Preliminary Study on the Use of Eye Lens Diameter and Weight as an Age Indicator in Two Cyprinid Fishes Collected from Basrah, Iraq. - Bolletino De Museoregionale Science Natural Del Torino, 21(1), 51-158.
Jawad, L. A. (2004). Preliminary Study on the Use of Eye Lens Diameter and Weight as an Age Indicator in Two Cyprinid Fishes Collected from Basrah, Iraq. - Bolletino de Museoregionale. Science natural del Torino, 21(1), 51-158.
Jawad, L.A. (2001). Eye Lens Diameter and Age Determination in The Tilapia Fish, Tilapia Zilli. - Biologia Bratislavia, 56: 573-575.
Jawad, L.A. (2001). Eye Lens Diameter and Age Determination in the Tilapia Fish, Tilapia zilli. - Biologia Bratislavia, 56: 573-575.
Jawad, L.A., Al-Mamry, J.M., Bimani, S.M.H., Al-Ghafari, F.K.S., Al-Manry, D.S., Al-Rasandy, I.H., Al-Mabouzi, M.S. & Al-Habsi, S.H. (2011). Ocular Lens Diameter and Weight as an Age Indicator in Leiognathus equulus Collected from the Sea of Oman, Sultanate of Oman. Ribarstvo, 69(3), 95-100.
Kallianiostis, M.T. & Argyria, A. (2005). Age, Growth, Mortality, Reproduction and Feeding Habits of Striped Seabream, Lithognathus Mormyrus (Pisces: Sparidae) in the Coastal Waters of the Thracian Sea, Greece. Scientia Marina 69(3), 391-404.
Kamilov, B.G. (2014). Age and Growth of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix Val.) in Tudakul Reservoir, Uzbekistan. 72: 12-13.
Adeyemi, S.O. & Akombo, P.M. (2012). Age and Growth of Dominant Cichlids in Gbadikere Lake, Kogi, Nigeria. Animal Research International, 9(1), 1497-1501.
Akombo P.M., Akange E.T., Adikwu, I.A & Araoye, P.A (2014). Length-weight Relationship, Condition Factor and Feeding Habits of Synodontis schall (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) in River Benue at Makurdi, Nigeria. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 1(3), 42-48.
Akombo, P.M., Akange, E.T. & Adeyemi, S.O. (2016) Diversity and Abundance of Synodontis (Curvier, 1816) Species in the Lower River Benue, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 4(1), 238-242.
Akombo, P.M., Akange, E.T. & Atile, J.I. (2015). Age and Growth of Catfish Synodontis schall (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) in Lower Benue River at Makurdi, Nigeria. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 2(5), 184-190.
Alessandro C, Francisco C, Paolo C, Andrea B, & Giandomenico A. (2006). Observations on Reproductive Cycle, Age and Growth of the Salema, Sarpa salpa (Osteichthyes: Sparidae) Along the Western Central Coast of Italy Scientia Marina 70(1), 131-138.
Al-Hassan, L.A.J., Al-Dubaikel, A.Y. & Wahab, N.K. (1992). Ocular Lens Diameter as an Age Indicator in Teleost Fishes Collected from Basrah Waters (Iraq). Acta Hydrobiologica, 34(3), 275-279.
Al-Mamry, J., Jawad, L., Al-Busaidi, J., Al-Mamry, S., Al-Owisi, K., Al-Rubiey, M. & Al-Hassani, L. (2012). The Use of Eye Lens Diameter and Weight in Age Determination in Signamus canaliculatus (Park, 1797) (Perciformes: Siganidae) Collected from the Arabian Coasts of Oman. Natural Montenegrina, podgorica 11(1), 73-78.
APHA (1985). Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th Edition, American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C.
Araoye, P. A., Fagade, S. O. & Jeje, C. Y. (2002). Age and Growth Study of Syndontis schall (Teleostei: Mochokidae) in the Environment of Asa Dam, Ilorin, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 17: 1235-1243.
Baily, R.G. (1994). Guide to the Fishes of the River Nile in the Republic of Sudan—Journal of National History 28:937-970.
Bishai, H.M. & Khalil, M.T. (1997). Freshwater Fishes of Egypt. National Environmental Affairs of Egypt. Publication of National Biodiversity Unit 9: pp.229 ISBN 977194181X, 9789771941811.
Conides, A.J. & Al-Hassan, L.A.J. (2000). Using Eye Lens Diameter as Age Indicator of Young Lithognathus mormyrus and Diplodus vulgaris. In Sylvestre, G. (ed). Fisheries Section of the Network of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries Professionals (NTAFP), The ICLARM Quarterly 23(3), 21-22.
Cury, P. M., Boyd, I. L., Bonhommeau, S., Anker-Nilssen, T., Crawford, R. J., Furness, R. W. & Piatt, J. F. (2011). Global Seabird Response to Forage Fish Depletion—one-third for the birds. Science, 334(6063), 1703-1706.
Daget J., Gosse J.P. & Thys Van den Audeaerde (1986). Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Africa. Vol. II (9-10), 144-145.
Elagba, H.A.M., Al-Maqbaly, R., & Mansour, H.M. (2010). Proximate Composition, Amino Acid Mineral Contents of Five Commercial Nile Fishes in Sudan. African Journal of Food Science 4(10), 650-654.
El-Drawany, M. A. & Elnagar, W. G. (2015). Growth, Food and Feeding Habits of Bagrus bayad and Bagrus docmac Inhibiting Muess Channel, Sharkia Province, Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research Development 6:7: 348. doi:10.4172/2155 9546.1000348.
El-Kasheif, M. A., Authman, M.M.N. & Ibrahim, S. (2012). Environmental Studies on Synodontis schall (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) (Pisces: Siluriformes: Mochokidae) in The River Nile at Gizza Sector, Egypt: Biological Aspects and Population Dynamics. Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Science, 7(2), 104-133. DOI:10.3923/jfas.2012.104.133.
El-Kasheif, M.A., Authman, M.M.N., & Ibrahim, S.A. (2012). Environmental Studies on Synodontis schall (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) (Pisces:Siluriformes: Mochokidae) In the River Nile at Gizza Sector, Egypt: Biological Aspects and Population Dynamics. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 7: 104-133.
Fagade, S.O. (1974). Age Determination in Tilapia Melanotheron (Ruppell) in the Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria, with a Discussion of the Environmental and Physiological Basis of Growth Markings in the Tropics. In: Ageing of Fish (Ed. T.B. Bagenal). Unwin Brothers, England, 1974, pp. 71-77.
Field, I.C., Meekan, M.G. & Bradshaw, C.J.A. (2009). Development of Non-lethal Methods for Determining Age and Habitat use of Sawfishes from Northern Australia. Australian Department of Environment and Energy (Final report), pp. 7-18.
Gado, Z. M. (1999). Fish Population Dynamics and Fish Heavy Metal Interaction in the Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands, Northeastern Nigeria. Ph.D. Thesis, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
Goeman, T.J., Helms, D.R. & Heidinger, R.C. (1984). Comparison of Otolith and Scale in Age Determination for Freshwater Drum from the Mississippi River. Proceedings of IOWA Academy of Science, 91(2), 49-51.
Green, B. S., Bruce D. M., Gary C. & Gavin A. B. (2009). In Tropical Fish Otoliths: Information for Assessment, Management and Ecology, Reviews: Methods and Technologies in Fish Biology and Fisheries. (Green, B.S. Ed.) 11: 296-301.
Helffman, G., Collette, B.B., Facey, D.E., & Bowen, B.W. (2009). The Diversity of Fishes: Biology, Evolution, and Ecology, 24 Oxford. Willy Blackwell UK. 04-09.
Hoyer M.V., Shireman J.V., & Maceina M.J. (1985). Use of Otolith to Determine Age and Growth of Largemouth Bass in Florida. In Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 114:307-309.
Idodo-Umeh, G. (2003). Freshwater Fishes of Nigeria (Taxonomy, Ecological Notes, Diet and Utilization). Idodo-Umeh Publishers Ltd. Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria, pp. 11-218.
Jauro, I. A. & Yaneh, N. R. (2016). Use of Eye Lens Diameter as Age Indicator of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) and Red Belly Tilapia (Tilapia zillii). Nigerian Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture 4(1), 9-13.
Jawad, L. A. (2004). A Preliminary Study on the Use of Eye Lens Diameter and Weight as an Age Indicator in Two Cyprinid Fishes Collected from Basrah, Iraq. - Bolletino De Museoregionale Science Natural Del Torino, 21(1), 51-158.
Jawad, L. A. (2004). Preliminary Study on the Use of Eye Lens Diameter and Weight as an Age Indicator in Two Cyprinid Fishes Collected from Basrah, Iraq. - Bolletino de Museoregionale. Science natural del Torino, 21(1), 51-158.
Jawad, L.A. (2001). Eye Lens Diameter and Age Determination in The Tilapia Fish, Tilapia Zilli. - Biologia Bratislavia, 56: 573-575.
Jawad, L.A. (2001). Eye Lens Diameter and Age Determination in the Tilapia Fish, Tilapia zilli. - Biologia Bratislavia, 56: 573-575.
Jawad, L.A., Al-Mamry, J.M., Bimani, S.M.H., Al-Ghafari, F.K.S., Al-Manry, D.S., Al-Rasandy, I.H., Al-Mabouzi, M.S. & Al-Habsi, S.H. (2011). Ocular Lens Diameter and Weight as an Age Indicator in Leiognathus equulus Collected from the Sea of Oman, Sultanate of Oman. Ribarstvo, 69(3), 95-100.
Kallianiostis, M.T. & Argyria, A. (2005). Age, Growth, Mortality, Reproduction and Feeding Habits of Striped Seabream, Lithognathus Mormyrus (Pisces: Sparidae) in the Coastal Waters of the Thracian Sea, Greece. Scientia Marina 69(3), 391-404.
Kamilov, B.G. (2014). Age and Growth of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix Val.) in Tudakul Reservoir, Uzbekistan. 72: 12-13.